《出师表》是历史上著名的文学作品之一，是刘备致曹操的一封表章。全文以表章的形式写就，表达了刘备对曹操的忠诚和对自身能力的自信。其中一段“臣云：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。”这段话表明了刘备对国家的忧虑和对时局的深刻认识。他指出先帝创业未能完成，国家陷入了分裂的局面，而益州，也就是他所在的地方，正处于困境之中。这种危急存亡的时刻需要有人挺身而出，拯救国家于水深火热之中。这段引语展示了刘备的忠诚和责任感，也体现了他对国家前途和自身能力的自信。
《出师表》是中国历史上一篇著名的奏表，由三国时期蜀汉丞相诸葛亮撰写。这篇奏表充满着忠诚、聪明和智慧，被誉为中国古代文学的瑰宝之一。下面是《出师表》的原文及翻译：
臣亮言：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
若有作奸犯科，无论大小，皆宜见奖：然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
Translation:
I, Zhuge Liang, express my thoughts: when the late emperor began his venture, he passed away midway, leaving the empire divided into three. The state of Yi Province is exhausted and weakened. This is truly a critical moment of survival or destruction. However, the ministers within the palace are diligent in their duties, and loyal individuals sacrifice themselves for the greater good. They are all driven by the desire to repay the late emperor's kindness and report to Your Majesty. I sincerely hope Your Majesty will listen attentively, honor the late emperor's virtues, and inspire the spirit of loyal subjects. It is not appropriate to belittle oneself or use inappropriate analogies to block the path of loyal advice.
The inner palace and the government are one entity, and the rewards and punishments should be consistent. If there are those who commit crimes or display loyalty and goodness, they should be judged by the appropriate authorities, in order to demonstrate Your Majesty's fair and transparent governance. It is not appropriate to show favoritism and create different standards for the inner and outer circles.
Grand Preceptor Guo Youzhi, Minister of the Household Feeshi, and Minister Dong Yun are all loyal and capable individuals, chosen by the late emperor to serve Your Majesty. I believe that all matters within the palace, regardless of size, should be consulted with them before implementation. This will surely rectify any deficiencies and bring great benefits.
If there are those who commit crimes, regardless of their status, they should be rewarded upon exposure. This will surely rectify any deficiencies and bring great benefits.
As a commoner, I have always worked the land in Nanyang, seeking only to preserve my life in turbulent times, without aspiring to be known among the nobles. The late emperor did not look down upon my humble background, but sought my counsel three times in my thatched cottage, discussing the affairs of the world. I was deeply moved and pledged my service to the late emperor.
Now, as I depart from this world, tears flow as I write this memorial, not knowing what to say.
《出师表》是中国古代文学名篇之一，是一封刘备致吴国太太孙尚香的表状。下面是《出师表》的一句一句的对照翻译：
臣刘备，谨表状于先帝。——I, Liu Bei, humbly present this memorial to the late emperor.
至先帝深痛切之臣亦闻矣。——I have heard about the deep grief of the late emperor.
臣以为躬自反省，不足以效忠陛下之所望。——I reflect upon myself and realize that I have not lived up to Your Majesty's expectations.
然心尚未有所安。——However, my heart is still unsettled.
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。——Now that I am about to leave, tears fall as I write this memorial, and I am at a loss for words.
愿陛下受臣节钺。——I hope Your Majesty will accept my loyalty and devotion.
昔先帝不念旧恶，以至于斯。——The late emperor, in his benevolence, overlooked my past mistakes and entrusted me with important responsibilities.
臣以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行。——I believe that all matters within the palace, regardless of their significance, should be discussed and decided upon collectively before implementation.
至于斯时，当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。——At this moment, as I am about to leave, tears fall as I write this memorial, and I am at a loss for words.
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。——Now that I am about to leave, tears fall as I write this memorial, and I am at a loss for words.
愿陛下受臣节钺。——I hope Your Majesty will accept my loyalty and devotion.
若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治。——If there are those who commit crimes or demonstrate loyalty and virtue, they should be judged and rewarded accordingly, in order to demonstrate Your Majesty's fair and just governance.
靖以修身，俭以养廉，非淫察之罪也。——My efforts to cultivate personal integrity and maintain frugality are not mere acts of hypocrisy.
愿陛下亲之。——I hope Your Majesty will personally witness them.
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。——The attendants, Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others, are all trustworthy and loyal individuals, which is why the late emperor selected and entrusted them to Your Majesty.
愿陛下亲之。——I hope Your Majesty will personally acknowledge their abilities.
愿以为诸葛亮、杨修等，虽有奇志，不合先帝之意。——As for Zhuge Liang, Yang Xiu, and others, although they possess remarkable talents, they do not align with the late emperor's intentions.
愿陛下察之。——I hope Your Majesty will take this into consideration.
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。——Embrace virtuous officials and distance yourself from wicked individuals, as this was the reason for the prosperity of the early Han Dynasty. Conversely, favoring wicked individuals and alienating virtuous officials led to the decline of the later Han Dynasty.
先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。——When the late emperor was alive, he often discussed this matter with me, and he never failed to express his deep regret and resentment towards Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling.
侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之。——The attendants, ministers, chief scribes, and military advisors are all loyal and principled individuals who would sacrifice their lives for the kingdom. I hope Your Majesty will personally acknowledge them.
亲之，则灵感之至，朝无腐败，夜无怨声矣。——By embracing them, the divine inspiration will be abundant, and there will be no corruption during the day nor grievances at night.
亲之，则灵感之至，朝无腐败，夜无怨声矣。——By embracing them, the divine inspiration will be abundant, and there will be no corruption during the day nor grievances at night.
此臣之所以告身也。——This is my humble plea.
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效；不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。——I hope Your Majesty will entrust me with the task of defeating the enemy and restoring the kingdom. If I fail, I am willing to accept punishment for my failure and report it to the late emperor's spirit.
若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；使远恶声，以警后世之人。——If there is no mention of promoting virtue, then it is necessary to hold Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others accountable for their negligence, in order to expose their faults. This will serve as a warning to future generations, and distance the kingdom from evil rumors.
愿陛下亲之。——I hope Your Majesty will personally acknowledge their abilities.
——以上就是《出师表》的一句一句的对照翻译。这封表状表达了刘备忠诚的心意，同时也提出了一些建议，希望能够帮助国家兴盛。这篇文章以中文输出，旨在展示《出师表》的翻译对照，让读者更好地理解其中的含义。
《出师表》是中国古代文学名著《三国演义》中的一篇重要文章。这篇文章是刘备致曹操的表状，表达了刘备对曹操的忠诚和决心。
《出师表》的开篇即刻展现出刘备的忠诚：“先帝创业未半而中道崩殂。”这句话表明了刘备对前任君主刘邦的敬仰和对国家的关切。接着，刘备表达了自己对曹操的忠诚：“今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。”他明确表示自己愿意效命于曹操，为国家尽忠。
刘备在表中不仅表达了自己的忠诚，还展示了自己的能力和决心。他提到了自己在益州的治理经验，并请求曹操让自己出征，帮助曹操统一天下。他说：“愿以一身之力，助贞观之业。”这句话表明了他愿意为曹操的事业贡献自己的力量。
《出师表》中，刘备还表达了自己对曹操的信任和对自己能够胜任重任的自信。他说：“若委任付之，恐难以树功于伟业也。”这句话表明了他对自己的能力和决心的自信。
《出师表》以其简洁明了的语言、深情厚意的表达，成为中国文学史上的经典之作。这篇文章真实地展现了刘备作为一名忠诚的臣子的品质和为国家尽忠的决心。无论是在古代还是现代，这种忠诚和决心都是值得我们学习和推崇的。
诸葛亮是中国历史上著名的政治家和军事家，他以聪明才智和卓越智谋而闻名于世。他的《后出师表》是一封给刘备的信，表达了他对国家大事的关切和自己的决心。这封信展现了诸葛亮的忠诚和为国家利益不计个人得失的精神。
《后出师表》中，诸葛亮首先表达了自己对战争的担忧，认为敌人的实力远远超过了自己的军队，因此建议刘备暂时不要出兵。他深思熟虑，不仅考虑到了当前的形势，还对未来做出了合理的预测。他认为只有通过稳定国内，加强军队的训练，才能有更大的胜算。
诸葛亮在信中也提到了自己的身体状况，表示自己并非身体健康，但仍然愿意为国家效力。他坦诚地向刘备承认了自己的不足，但也表示会尽力而为，不辜负刘备的期望。
这封信中透露出诸葛亮对刘备的忠诚和对国家的关心。他不仅关心国家的安危，还考虑到了民生和人民的利益。他的思考和决策都是基于国家大局的，而非个人的私利。
诸葛亮的《后出师表》展现了他作为一位政治家和军事家的智慧和胸怀。他无私奉献，始终以国家利益为重，这种精神值得我们学习和传承。
《出师表》是中国古代文学名篇之一，也是历史上著名的表状文。这篇文章是蜀汉丞相诸葛亮致刘备的表状，表达了他辞去丞相职务的决心和对刘备的忠诚。下面是《出师表》的完整版：
臣亮言：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。
后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣！
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。
今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。
至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
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